Midterm Defenitions

Introductory:

1. 1     Heart - The symbol of the love with which Jesus continually loves the eternal Father and all human beings without exception. A hollow muscle that contains more than fibers, and is directly dependent on ones will and decisions.

2. 2     X and arrows – the “X” is what is we are all trying to reach or what is above us and the arrows are our attempt to reach what is above us. The X is the mystery  and the arrow represents us attempting to find out what the mystery is.

3.   3   Desire – What we want to have, what we strive to have in life. The main desire that all humans strive for à happiness

4.      4 Truths of I/ about myself – What is true about all humans which are the following :1. I don’t make myself 2. We have desires that are unlimited 3. We are limited, all of our abilities are limited 4. We expect happiness (fulfillment) within our lives.

5.      5 Religious Sense – To have ones religion in mind during decision making

6.     6  Ontology- the nature of being

7.     7  Being – Latin word = “Ontos” the existence of someone or something

Anointing of the Sick:

1.      1 Suffering - Suffering entered the world as a result of sin...original sin

2.     2  Sickness in the Old Testament – Sickness in the Old Testament

3.      3 Job –

4.      Views of Suffering – Suffering in other religions is seen as bad

5.     4  Original Sin-The sin by which the first human beings disobeyed the commandment of God, choosing to follow their own will rather than God's will. As a consequence they lost the grace of original holiness, and became subject to the law of death; sin became universally present in the world. Besides the personal sin of Adam and Eve, original sin describes the fallen state of human nature which affects every person born into the world, and from which Christ, the new Adam, came to redeem us.

6.      5 Christ the Physician – Christ preformed miracles that physicians could never preform, he preformed miracles

7.  6    The Sick being Healed by the Church –

8.      7Presbyters-An elder or priest, a member of the order of priesthood; the presbyterate is one of the three degrees of the Sacrament of Holy Orders. Presbyters or priests are co-workers with their bishops and form a unique sacerdotal college or presbyterium dedicated to assist their bishops in priestly service to the People of God. Through the ministry of priests, the unique sacrifice of Christ on the cross is made present in the Eucharistic sacrifice of the Church

9.      8Administers of Sacraments – Priest or Bishop

110.  Receivers of Sacraments – Lay people *

111  Celebration of the Sacrament-  In some cases sacraments mark the adulthood of an individual

112.  Vaticum - The official residence of the Pope in Rome. It also refers to the central government of the Church.

113.  Grace Recieved-

The act of receiving free and undeserved gift that God gives us to respond to our vocation to become his adopted children. As sanctifying grace, God shares his divine life and friendship with us in a habitual gift, a stable and supernatural disposition that enables the soul to live with God, to act by his love. As actual grace, God gives us the help to conform our lives to his will. Sacramental grace and special graces (charisms, the grace of one's state of life) are gifts of the Holy Spirit to help us live out our Christian vocation.

14. Effects of a Sacrament – Maturation I within religion, can join individuals together, spiritual rebirth

15. Theodicy - A revelation or visible appearance of God, as in the case of Moses at Mount Sina

16. Apocalyptic-  The handing on of apostolic preaching and authority from the Apostles to their successors the bishops through the laying on of hands, as a permanent office in the Church.

17. Oil of the Sick - blessed oil used in the sacrament of the Anointing of the Sick.

18. Extreme Unction -One of the seven sacraments, also known as the sacrament of the dying, administered by a priest to a baptized person who begins to be in danger of death because of illness or old age, through prayer and the anointing of the body with the oil of the sick. The proper effects of the sacrament include a special grace of healing and comfort to the Christian who is suffering the infirmities of serious illness or old age, and the forgiving of the person's sins.

19.  Society of Jesus  - 12 disciples

20. Station of the Cross -  A series of fourteen meditations on incidents in the suffering and death of Christ. Pictures of these scenes can be found round the walls of most Catholic churches.

Reconciliation:

1.  Penance : Interior penance: a conversion of heart toward God and away from sin, which implies the intention to change one's life because of hope in divine mercy. External acts of penance include fasting, prayer, and almsgiving. The observance of certain penitential practices is obliged by the fourth precept of the Church.

2.  Confession : An essential element of the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation, which consists in telling one's sins to the priestly minister. By extension, the word confession is used to refer to the Sacrament of Penance itself.

3. Conversion -A radical reorientation of the whole life away from sin and evil, and toward God. This change of heart or conversion is a central element of Christ's preaching, of the Church's ministry of evangelization, and of the Sacrament of Penance and Reconciliation.

4. Ten Commandments - The rules of life delivered by God to Moses on Mount Sinai. They still form the basis of Christian morality.

5. Sin-An offense against God as well as a fault against reason, truth, and right conscience. Sin is a deliberate thought, word, deed, or omission contrary to the eternal law of God. In judging the gravity of sin, it is customary to distinguish between mortal and venial sins.

6.Absolution-Part of the sacrament of penance. It is the formal declaration by the priest that a penitent's sins are forgiven.

7.  Mortal Sin - A grave infraction of the law of God that destroys the divine life in the soul of the sinner sanctifying grace, constituting a turn away from God. For a sin to be mortal, three conditions must be present: grave matter, full knowledge of the evil of the act, and full consent of the will.

8.  Original Sin - The sin by which the first human beings disobeyed the commandment of God, choosing to follow their own will rather than God's will. As a consequence they lost the grace of original holiness, and became subject to the law of death; sin became universally present in the world. Besides the personal sin of Adam and Eve, original sin describes the fallen state of human nature which affects every person born into the world, and from which Christ, the new Adam, came to redeem us.

9. Venial Sin -Sin which does not destroy the divine life in the soul, as does mortal sin, though it diminishes and wounds it. Venial sin is the failure to observe necessary moderation, in lesser matters of the moral law, or in grave matters acting without full knowledge or complete consent.

10 . Concupiscence:

Human appetites or desires which remain disordered due to the temporal consequences of original sin, which remain even after Baptism, and which produce an inclination to sin.

11. Fornication:

Sexual intercourse between an unmarried man and an unmarried woman. Fornication is a serious violation of the sixth commandment of God.

12. Excommunication:

A severe ecclesiastical penalty, resulting from grave crimes against the Catholic religion, imposed by ecclesiastical authority or incurred as a direct result of the commission of an offense. Excommunication excludes the offender from taking part in the Eucharist or other sacraments and from the exercise of any ecclesiastical office, ministry, or function.

13. Apostasy:

The total repudiation of the Christian faith.

14. Heresy:

The obstinate denial after Baptism of a truth which must be believed with divine and Catholic faith.

15. Schism:

Refusal of submission to the Supreme Pontiff, or of communion with the members of the Church subject to him.

Matrimony:

1. Abortion:

Deliberate termination of pregnancy by killing the unborn child. Such direct abortion, willed either as an end or a means, is gravely contrary to the moral law. The Church attaches the canonical penalty of excommunication to this crime against human life.

2. Contraception, Artificial:

The use of mechanical, chemical, or medical procedures to prevent conception from taking place as a result of sexual intercourse; contraception offends against the openness to procreation required of marriage and also the inner truth of conjugal love.

3. Natural Family Planning- within a marriage, every act of intercourse having the intention of conceiving

4. Nuptial Blessing:

Prayers for the blessing of a couple being married, especially of the bride.

5. Divorce:

The claim that the indissoluble marriage bond validly entered into between a man and a woman is broken. A civil dissolution of the marriage contract divorce does not free persons from a valid marriage before God; remarriage would not be morally licit.

6. Polygamy:

The practice of having more than one wife at the same time, which is contrary to the unity of marriage between one man and one woman, and which offends against the dignity of woman.

7. Adultery:

Marital infidelity, or sexual relations between two partners, at least one of whom is married to another party. The sixth commandment and the New Testament forbid adultery absolutely.

8. Unity -Promotion of the restoration of unity among all Christians, the unity which is a gift of Christ and to which the Church is called by the Holy Spirit. For the Catholic Church, the Decree on Ecumenism of the Second Vatican Council provides a charter for ecumenical efforts

9. Exchange of Vows:

A deliberate and free promise made to God, concerning a possible and better good which must be fulfilled by reason of the virtue of religion. Religious vows, the public profession of the evangelical counsels in the Church, have an exemplary value in witnessing to the Kingdom to come.

10. Grace:

The free and undeserved gift that God gives us to respond to our vocation to become his adopted children. As sanctifying grace, God shares his divine life and friendship with us in a habitual gift, a stable and supernatural disposition that enables the soul to live with God, to act by his love. As actual grace, God gives us the help to conform our lives to his will. Sacramental grace and special graces (charisms, the grace of one's state of life) are gifts of the Holy Spirit to help us live out our Christian vocation.

11. Creation:

The act by which the eternal God gave a beginning to all that exists outside of himself. Creation also refers to the created universe or totality of what exists, as often expressed by the formula "the heavens and the earth".

Holy Orders:

1. Diocese -A "particular Church", a community of the faithful in communion of faith and sacraments whose bishop has been ordained in apostolic succession. A diocese is usually a determined geographic area; sometimes it may be constituted as a group of people of the same rite or language. In Eastern churches, an eparchy.

2. Vicar of Christ:

A title given to St. Peter, head of the Twelve Apostles, and to his successors, the popes; "vicar" means one who stands in for or acts for another.

3. Synod:

A meeting of bishops of an ecclesiastical province or patriarchate (or even from the whole world, e.g., Synod of Bishops) to discuss the doctrinal and pastoral needs of the church. A diocesan synod is an assembly of priests and other members of Christ's faithful who assist the bishop by offering advice about the needs of the diocese and by proposing legislation for him to enact. The words "synod" and "council" are sometimes used interchangeably.

4. Ecumenical Council:

A gathering of all the bishops of the world, in the exercise of their collegial authority over the universal Church. An Ecumenical Council is usually called by the successor of St. Peter, the Pope, or at least confirmed or accepted by him.

5. Infallibility:

The gift of the Holy Spirit to the Church whereby the pastors of the Church, the pope and bishops in union with him, can definitively proclaim a doctrine of faith or morals for the belief of the faithful. This gift is related to the inability of the whole body of the faithful to err in matters of faith and morals.

6. Parish:

A stable community of the faithful within a particular church or diocese, whose pastoral care is confided by the bishop to a priest as pastor.

7. Seminary:

A college where men are trained for the priesthood.

8. Celibacy:

The state or condition of those who have chosen to remain unmarried for the sake of the kingdom of heaven in order to give themselves entirely to God and to the service of his people. In the latin Church, celibacy is obligatory for bishops and priests. In some Eastern Churches, celibacy is a prerequisite for the ordination only of bishops; priests may not marry after they have been ordained.

9. Bishops - From the Greek word "episcopos" meaning "overseer". A bishop is in charge of the Church in a local area. One who has received the fullness of the Sacrament of Holy Orders, which makes him a member of the episcopal college and a successor of the Apostles. He is the shepherd of a particular Church entrusted to him.

10.  Pope - The successor of St. Peter as Bishop of Rome and Supreme Pontiff of the universal Catholic Church. The pope exercises a primacy of authority as Vicar of Christ and shepherd of the whole Church; he receives the divine assistance promised by Christ to the Church when he defines infallibly a doctrine of faith or morals. See Papacy.

11.  Priest - Someone who is ordained to minister within the Church. The main duties of the Priest are; preaching, celebrating Mass, administering the other sacraments and exercising a role of leadership within the Church.

12.Deacon - A third degree of the hierarchy of the Sacrament of Holy Orders, after bishop and priest. The deacon is ordained not to priesthood but for ministry and service. Deacons are ordained to assist the bishop and priests in the celebration of the divine mysteries, above all the Eucharist, in the distribution of Holy Communion, in assisting at and blessing marriages, in the proclamation of the gospel and preaching, in presiding over funerals, and in dedicating themselves to the various ministries of charity. While the Churches of the East have always had a functioning order of deacons, in the West the permanent diaconate was reestablished by the Second Vatican Council

13. Cardinal Virtues:

Four pivotal human virtues derived from the latin carbo, "pivot": prudence, justice, fortitude, and temperance. The human virtues are stable dispositions of the intellect and will that govern our acts, order our passions, and guide our conduct in accordance with reason and faith.

14. Clergy:

A term applied to men who have been Ordained for ministry within the Church. Bishops, Priests and Deacons are members of the Clergy.

Baptism:

1. Baptism:

The first of the seven sacraments which gives access to the other sacraments. Baptism is the first and chief sacrament of forgiveness of sins because it unites us with Christ, who died for our sins and rose for our justification. Baptism, Confirmation, and Eucharist constitute the sacraments of initiation by which a believer receives the remission of original and personal sin, begins a new life in Christ and the Holy Spirit, and is incorporated into the Church, the Body of Christ. The rite of Baptism consists in immersing the candidate in water, or pouring water on the head, while pronouncing the invocation of the Most Holy Trinity: the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit.

2. Catechumen:

A person who is preparing for Baptism. The catechumenate is the formation of these catechumens in preparation for their Christian Initiation, and aims at bringing their conversion and their faith to maturity within the occlusal community. The candidates are anointed with oil of catechumens by which they are strengthened in their conversion from sin and renunciation of Satan.

3. Designated Minister -t he service or work of sanctification performed by the preaching of the word and the celebration of the sacraments by those in Holy Orders, or in determined circumstances, by laity. The New Testament speaks of a variety of ministries in the Church; Christ himself is the source of ministry in the Church. Bishops, priests, and deacons are ordained ministers in the Church.

4. RCIA:

Stands for Right of Christian Initiation of Adults. A year long process of entrance into the Catholic Church.

5. Oil of Baptism – oil is used to bless the person being baptized

6 . Concupiscence:

Human appetites or desires which remain disordered due to the temporal consequences of original sin, which remain even after Baptism, and which produce an inclination to sin.